They are also called periodic winds since seasons follow a periodic pattern. Secondary winds are winds that change their particular direction anytime there is a change in season that is from summer to winter, etc. Planetary winds are good examples of this type of wind. These are the continual and lasting winds that travel the earth’s surface. Winds are classified based on certain criteria. They move over a specific region or area on Earth’s surface eg trade winds.They blow from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure.This is caused by a single principle: when objects are in motion, relative to Earth’s rotational movement, a force will be acted on them pushing them to the left hence we see a deflection in their movement and it is termed the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect, in simple terms, is a phenomenon caused by an inertial force, the Coriolis force, which makes entities such as air currents that travel for long distances around the Earth move in a curve rather than a straight line. This is because of the rotation of the earth(which occurs in an ) and generates an effect called the Coriolis effect. Characteristics of Planetary WindsĪll planetary finds follow general patterns of movement such as On the other hand, planetary finds are winds that ebb(move) all year round from one latitude to another latitude mostly due to variations in latitudinal air pressures. They usually move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure with high velocities and a specific direction hence their direction can be gotten from a wind vane(antique method though). Winds are currents of air that move from one direction to another. Planetary winds, however, are much larger and span larger regions. They help influence temperatures in surrounding areas, as well as other types of winds. These winds are mainly observed in the warm season.īy the way, on mountainous coasts, the mountain-valley circulation merges with the breeze circulation - in this case they mutually reinforce each other.Mountain and valley breezes are under wind types. This is the case on glaciers, where a cold glacier cools the air around the clock, which as a result continually flows down.īoth of these winds, katabatic and anabatic, together make up the mountain-valley circulation. Note: Katabatic winds can also exist without anabatic winds. Illustration: Valerya Milovanova / Windy.app The formation of wind in the mountain at night. Such cold winds, directed down the slopes, are called katabatic (from the Greek κατάβασις, katabasis - descent, decline). However, the air that is directly adjacent to the cold mountains cools faster, which means it gets heavier and begins to flow down the cooler slopes, surrounded by warmer air. To continue the analogy with the breeze, the mountains and the air near them play the role of the shore, and the air at some distance from the mountains plays the role of water.Īt night, the slopes (like the shore) cool quickly, and the air cools slowly (it has water in it, which holds heat for a long time). The formation of wind in the mountain during the day. This wind blowing up the slope is called anabatic (from the Greek anabaino - to rise). If the cold air is on only one side, then it displaces warm air, but at the same time - presses it to the mountain. Why does warm air blow upward along the slope and not rise vertically upward? The fact is that the warm air rises vertically when it is SURROUNDED by the cold air (which forces it up). As a result, the warm air begins to blow upward along the slope. It is pushed upward by the cold air and pressed against the mountain by the cold air. And the air at a distance from the mountain stays cold. The slopes give their heat to the air, but only the air immediately adjacent to the mountain heats well. Illustration: Valerya Milovanova / Windy.app How does wind form in the mountains?ĭuring the day, the sun’s rays strongly heat the mountain slopes. It works like this: in the mountains, the air warms during the day and rises from the valley up the slopes, and at night it cools and descends from high places into the valley.ĭaytime breeze mechanics. While near the sea the breeze mostly blows horizontally, in the mountains a similar wind blows along the slope. So at night the wind blows in the other direction. By evening, the land cools down, while the sea, on the contrary, warms up and retains heat. During the day the shore warms up, the air rises there, and the cool air from the sea takes its place. This wind blows from the sea to the shore during the day and in the opposite direction at night. In this new lesson of the Windy.app Meteorological Textbook (WMT) and newsletter for better weather forecasting you will learn more about what valley wind is and how it works. They are called mountain and valley winds.
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